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The causes of floods in Nepal was made by group 7

The causes of floods in Nepal

1. What and how is Nepal

• is one of the world's most densely populated countries!
• has a population of 125m inhabitants
• is one of the poorest countries in the world with a GNP of $200 per head
• has three of the world's most powerful rivers passing through its country - The Ganges, the Meghna & the Brahmaputra
• contains virtually no raw materials or rock
• experiences floods and tropical storms every year

• Most of the country consists of a huge flood plain and delta
• 70% of the total area is less than 1 metre above sea level
• 10% of the land area is made up of Lakes and Rivers
• Snowmelt from the Himalayas takes place in late spring & summer
• Nepal experiences many monsoon rains, especially over the highlands
• Tropical storms bring heavy rains and coastal flooding
• The main cause was the above average & long period of heavy rain which caused all 3 rivers to have their peak flow at the same time

What caused all these floods

• Deforestation in Nepal and the Himalayas increases run off and adds to deposition and flooding downstream
• Urbanisation of the flood plain has increased magnitude & frequency of floods
• Global warming is blamed for sea level rise, increased snow melt & increased rainfall in the region
• Poorly maintained embankments (levees) leak & collapse in times of high discharge

How to manage the floods- The methods:

Short term methods:

• Boats to rescue people
• Emergency supplies for food, water, tents and medicines
• Fodder for livestock
• Repair and rebuild houses, as well as services such as sewage etc
• Aid from other countries

Long term methods:

• Reduce Deforestation in Nepal & Himalayas
• Build 7 large dams in Bangladesh to store excess water $30-$40 million and 40 yrs to complete
• Build 5000 flood shelters to accommodate all the population
• Build 350km of embankment - 7 metres high at a cost of $6 billion to reduce flooding along the main river channels
• Create flood water storage areas
• Develop an effective Flood Warning Scheme

The causes of floods in China

Flood happens when there is excess water and overflows to mainland.

There are two types of cause of floods: Natural And Human

Natural cause of flood in China:

• Increase in rainfall

Rainfall in China increases every once a while. This will cause water level to rise and flood the main lands.

Human Cause of flood in China:

• Blockage of water channels

Damms and other things could block a water flow which causes floods. Rubbish and solid waste does the same effect.

•  Deforestation

When people cut down trees, the roots could not store water which then excess water will flow to rivers. These will cause the water level to rise.

• High population
• poor water management
• poor management

Group 5

Group Members:
Foong Kit Wah, Brandon So, Koh Wee Lee, Brayden Ng

How people respond to flood (group 1)

How do people respond to flood? 

Be Prepared

Find out if you live in a flood-prone area. If you are new to the area, ask your local public works or emergency management office about local flood history. Ask whether your property is above or below the flood stage water level.

If you live in a frequently flooded area, stockpile emergency building materials. These include plywood, plastic sheeting, lumber, nails, hammer, saw, pry bar, shovels and sandbags.

Plan and practice an evacuation route. Contact your local emergency management office or local American Red Cross chapter for a copy of the community flood evacuation plan. This plan should include information on the safest routes to shelters. Individuals living in flash flood areas should have several alternate routes to higher ground.

Have emergency supplies on hand.

a) Flashlights and extra batteries
b) Portable battery-operated radio and extra batteries
c) First-aid kit and manual; essential medicines
d) Emergency food, water, cooking equipment, can opener
e) Cash and credit cards

During a Flood

Listen to the radio for further information.

Fill bathtubs, sinks and jugs with clean water in case water becomes contaminated.

Bring outdoor belongings, such as patio furniture, indoors.

Move valuable household possessions to the upper floors or to safe ground if time permits.

If you are instructed by authorities, turn off all utilities at the main power switch and close the main gas valve.

Join with neighbors and volunteers to put sandbags or other protection in place. Stack sandbags away from the outside walls of houses to prevent floodwaters from entering.

Do not attempt to walk through moving floodwaters. If moving fast enough, water one foot deep can sweep you off your feet.

Do not attempt to drive over a flooded road. Turn around and go another way.

During an Evacuation

Listen to the radio or check the Web for evacuation instructions. If advised to evacuate, do so immediately. Evacuation is much simpler and safer before floodwaters become too deep for ordinary vehicles to drive through.

Follow recommended evacuation routes -- shortcuts may be blocked.

More information at http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/flood/family/flood-preparedness-and-response

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  DONE BY : GROUP 1
                

What caused York flood 2000

1. The relief of the upper course of the river basin in the Yorkshire dales is very steep. This promotes fast runoff from the slopes into the river and less soil infiltration. 

2. There are seams Permian Limestone that allows water through its structure quickly. There is also a substantial amount of clays that are impermeable, this water cannot infiltrate the soil and hence gets into the river quicker - reducing lag time.

3. At high altitudes in the upper basin vegetation is heather and moor lands that has low interception rates. There are area of scattered coniferous trees with better interception year round, while deciduous trees offer good interception until they loose their leaves. Much of the lower basin is farmland offering little interception.

4. Peat soils in the upper basin act like a sponge and absorb much of the summer precipitation, lowering peak discharge. From late autumn these stores are full and hence subsequent water finds its way into the tributaries.

5. The Ouse section of the basin is flat and receives about as much precipitation (640mm per year) as is lost through evapo-transpiration (540mm per year). The water that floods York hence comes from the Dales area which receives heavy rainfall, which ends up in York via the Swale, Ure and Nidd tributaries.

Group 3

Lam Hoc Sing 

Khoo Lian Keat

Wong Yi Xiong 

Justin Yong Li Hong 

Dinesh Manoharan

How well is York protected from flooding?

How well is York protected from flooding?

There are many ways to prevent floods. Such as :-

•The Foss Barrier

•Suice Gates

•Flood walls

•Barriers

•Flood Gates

The Foss barrier

•Was developed to isolate the Foss and the Ouse

•Was build to reduce flood risk

•Takes about 4 minutes for the barrier to descend from its resting horizontal position to the vertical

•Is situated near to the confluence of the Ouse and the Foss

Sluice gates

• Used to control the water level and gradually release the excess water back into the River Ouse

•Is typically made of wood or metal

•Regulates and changes the water channel

Flood Wall

•Primarily vertical artificial barrier designed to temporarily contain the waters of a river or waterway

•Lots of sandbags stacked on each other is also a flood wall which is very effective

Barriers

•Is also called surge barrier or storm surge barrier

•It prevents surge storms and spring tide from flooding into the protected area behind the barrier

Flood gates

•Are adjustable gates used to control the water flow in flood barriers

•They can stop the water flow entirely as part of levee or surge storm barrier

•Are many varieties of flood gates such as: Bulkhead gates, Hinged crest gates, etc.

Group 4

Group members:-

 Tan Wey Shern

 Michael

 Arif 

Shao Long